Dialogue systems can leverage large pre-trained language models and knowledge to generate fluent and informative responses. However, these models are still prone to produce hallucinated responses not supported by the input source, which greatly hinders their application. The heterogeneity between external knowledge and dialogue context challenges representation learning and source integration, and further contributes to unfaithfulness. To handle this challenge and generate more faithful responses, this paper presents RHO ($\rho$) utilizing the representations of linked entities and relation predicates from a knowledge graph (KG). We propose (1) local knowledge grounding to combine textual embeddings with the corresponding KG embeddings; and (2) global knowledge grounding to equip RHO with multi-hop reasoning abilities via the attention mechanism. In addition, we devise a response re-ranking technique based on walks over KG sub-graphs for better conversational reasoning. Experimental results on OpenDialKG show that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both automatic and human evaluation by a large margin, especially in hallucination reduction (17.54% in FeQA).

准确的蛋白质结合亲和力预测在药物设计和许多其他分子识别问题中至关重要。尽管基于机器学习技术的亲和力预测取得了许多进步，但由于蛋白质 - 配体结合取决于原子和分子的动力学，它们仍然受到限制。为此，我们策划了一个包含3,218个动态蛋白质配合物的MD数据集，并进一步开发了DynaFormer，这是一个基于图的深度学习框架。 DynaFormer可以通过考虑相互作用的各种几何特征来完全捕获动态结合规则。我们的方法显示出优于迄今报告的方法。此外，我们通过将模型与基于结构的对接整合在一起，对热休克蛋白90（HSP90）进行了虚拟筛选。我们对其他基线进行了基准测试，表明我们的方法可以鉴定具有最高实验效力的分子。我们预计大规模的MD数据集和机器学习模型将形成新的协同作用，为加速药物发现和优化提供新的途径。

由于推荐系统（RS）在指导客户进行购买中的关键作用，因此有自然的动力，不道德的政党为利润做出欺骗。在本文中，我们研究了先令攻击，在该攻击中，对抗方为不适当的目的注入了许多假用户配置文件。常规的先令攻击方法缺乏攻击性转移性（即，攻击对某些受害者RS模型无效）和/或攻击隐形性（即，很容易检测到注射的配置文件）。为了克服这些问题，我们提出了基于生成对抗网络的新型攻击模型。 Leg-Up从采样``模板''中从真实用户那里学习用户行为模式，并构建了伪造的用户配置文件。为了模拟真实的用户，Lige-Up中的发电机直接输出离散评级。为了增强攻击传递性，通过在替代RS模型上最大化攻击性能来优化生成器的参数。为了提高攻击的隐形性，Leg-Up采用歧视器来指导发电机生成无法检测到的假用户配置文件。基准测试的实验表明，在广泛的受害者RS模型上，腿部超过了最先进的先令攻击方法。我们工作的源代码可在以下网址提供：https：//github.com/xmudm/shillingattack。

任务自适应预训练（TAPT）减轻了缺乏标记的数据，并通过将未标记的数据调整为下游任务来提供性能提升。不幸的是，现有的改编主要涉及不能很好地概括的确定性规则。在这里，我们提出了Clozer，这是一种基于TAPT中使用的基于序列的固定答案提取方法，可扩展，以适应任何固定的机器读数理解理解（MRC）下游任务。我们在多项选择披肩风格的MRC任务上进行了实验，并证明与Oracle和最先进的TAPT在提升模型性能中的效果相比，Clozer的性能要好得多，并证明Clozer能够识别Gold独立于任何启发式方法的答案。

主动学习（AL）是应选择的数据用于注释。现有的工作试图选择高度不确定或信息性的注释数据。尽管如此，它仍然不清楚所选择的数据如何影响AL中使用的任务模型的测试性能。在这项工作中，我们通过理论上证明，选择更高梯度规范的未标记数据导致测试损失的较低的上限，从而探讨了这种影响，从而产生更好的测试性能。但是，由于缺乏标签信息，直接计算未标记数据的梯度标准是不可行的。为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了两种计划，即预期的Gradnorm和熵 - Gradnorm。前者通过构建预期的经验损失来计算梯度规范，而后者用熵构造无监督的损失。此外，我们将这两个方案集成在通用AL框架中。我们在古典图像分类和语义分割任务中评估我们的方法。为了展示其域应用程序的能力及其对噪声的鲁棒性，我们还在蜂窝成像分析任务中验证了我们的方法，即Cryo-Collecton Subtom图分类。结果表明，我们的方法达到了最先进的卓越性能。我们的源代码可在https://github.com/xulabs/aitom提供

冷冻电子断层扫描（Cryo-et）是一种3D成像技术，可以在近原子分辨率下原位地置于亚细胞结构。细胞冷冻剂图像有助于解决大分子的结构并在单个细胞中确定它们的空间关系，这对细胞和结构生物学具有广泛的意义。体摩数分类和识别构成了这些大分子结构的系统恢复的主要步骤。已被证明监督深度学习方法对重组分类进行高度准确和高效，而是由于缺乏注释数据而受到有限的适用性。虽然生成用于训练监督模型的模拟数据是潜在的解决方案，但与真实实验数据相比，生成数据中的图像强度分布的相当差异将导致训练有素的模型在预测真实错误谱图上预测类别中的差。在这项工作中，我们呈现了低温，一个完全无监督的域适应和随机化框架，用于深入学习的跨域重组分类。我们使用无监督的多逆境域适应来减少模拟和实验数据的特征之间的域移位。我们使用“翘曲”模块开发网络驱动的域随机化过程，以改变模拟数据，并帮助分类器在实验数据上更好地推广。我们不使用任何标记的实验数据来训练我们的模型，而一些现有的替代方法需要标记为跨域分类的实验样本。然而，在本文在本文中，使用两种模拟和实验数据在本文中显示的广泛评估研究中的横域重组分类中现有的替代方法的优先效果优异。

Increasing research interests focus on sequential recommender systems, aiming to model dynamic sequence representation precisely. However, the most commonly used loss function in state-of-the-art sequential recommendation models has essential limitations. To name a few, Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) loss suffers the vanishing gradient problem from numerous negative sampling and predictionbiases; Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) loss subjects to negative sampling numbers, thereby it is likely to ignore valuable negative examples and reduce the training efficiency; Cross-Entropy (CE) loss only focuses on the last timestamp of the training sequence, which causes low utilization of sequence information and results in inferior user sequence representation. To avoid these limitations, in this paper, we propose to calculate Cumulative Cross-Entropy (CCE) loss over the sequence. CCE is simple and direct, which enjoys the virtues of painless deployment, no negative sampling, and effective and efficient training. We conduct extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of CCE. The results show that employing CCE loss on three state-of-the-art models GRU4Rec, SASRec, and S3-Rec can reach 125.63%, 69.90%, and 33.24% average improvement of full ranking NDCG@5, respectively. Using CCE, the performance curve of the models on the test data increases rapidly with the wall clock time, and is superior to that of other loss functions in almost the whole process of model training.

The utilization of large-scale distributed renewable energy promotes the development of the multi-microgrid (MMG), which raises the need of developing an effective energy management method to minimize economic costs and keep self energy-sufficiency. The multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) has been widely used for the energy management problem because of its real-time scheduling ability. However, its training requires massive energy operation data of microgrids (MGs), while gathering these data from different MGs would threaten their privacy and data security. Therefore, this paper tackles this practical yet challenging issue by proposing a federated multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (F-MADRL) algorithm via the physics-informed reward. In this algorithm, the federated learning (FL) mechanism is introduced to train the F-MADRL algorithm thus ensures the privacy and the security of data. In addition, a decentralized MMG model is built, and the energy of each participated MG is managed by an agent, which aims to minimize economic costs and keep self energy-sufficiency according to the physics-informed reward. At first, MGs individually execute the self-training based on local energy operation data to train their local agent models. Then, these local models are periodically uploaded to a server and their parameters are aggregated to build a global agent, which will be broadcasted to MGs and replace their local agents. In this way, the experience of each MG agent can be shared and the energy operation data is not explicitly transmitted, thus protecting the privacy and ensuring data security. Finally, experiments are conducted on Oak Ridge national laboratory distributed energy control communication lab microgrid (ORNL-MG) test system, and the comparisons are carried out to verify the effectiveness of introducing the FL mechanism and the outperformance of our proposed F-MADRL.

This paper presents a safety-critical locomotion control framework for quadrupedal robots. Our goal is to enable quadrupedal robots to safely navigate in cluttered environments. To tackle this, we introduce exponential Discrete Control Barrier Functions (exponential DCBFs) with duality-based obstacle avoidance constraints into a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) with Whole-Body Control (WBC) framework for quadrupedal locomotion control. This enables us to use polytopes to describe the shapes of the robot and obstacles for collision avoidance while doing locomotion control of quadrupedal robots. Compared to most prior work, especially using CBFs, that utilize spherical and conservative approximation for obstacle avoidance, this work demonstrates a quadrupedal robot autonomously and safely navigating through very tight spaces in the real world. (Our open-source code is available at github.com/HybridRobotics/quadruped_nmpc_dcbf_duality, and the video is available at youtu.be/p1gSQjwXm1Q.)

Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging technique has been applied for scoliosis assessment, but current assessment method only uses coronal projection image and cannot illustrate the 3D deformity and vertebra rotation. The vertebra detection is essential to reveal 3D spine information, but the detection task is challenging due to complex data and limited annotations. We propose VertMatch, a two-step framework to detect vertebral structures in 3D ultrasound volume by utilizing unlabeled data in semi-supervised manner. The first step is to detect the possible positions of structures on transverse slice globally, and then the local patches are cropped based on detected positions. The second step is to distinguish whether the patches contain real vertebral structures and screen the predicted positions from the first step. VertMatch develops three novel components for semi-supervised learning: for position detection in the first step, (1) anatomical prior is used to screen pseudo labels generated from confidence threshold method; (2) multi-slice consistency is used to utilize more unlabeled data by inputting multiple adjacent slices; (3) for patch identification in the second step, the categories are rebalanced in each batch to solve imbalance problem. Experimental results demonstrate that VertMatch can detect vertebra accurately in ultrasound volume and outperforms state-of-the-art methods. VertMatch is also validated in clinical application on forty ultrasound scans, and it can be a promising approach for 3D assessment of scoliosis.